Deep Learning是一種人工智慧的分支,藉由神經網路模擬人類大腦的運作,運用多層次的神經網絡進行學習,使機器可以更快速和精準地進行分析、辨識和預測等任務。
舉例來說,Deep Learning可以應用於圖像辨識,學習各種物體的特徵並自動辨認。例如,當你上傳一張照片到社交網站時,Deep Learning可以精確地辨識出人臉、背景等元素,並給出適當的標籤和建議。
另一個例子是自然語言處理。Deep Learning可以運用於語言翻譯、語音識別等方面。例如,當你使用語音助理(如Siri或Alexa)時,Deep Learning可以感應到你的語音指令,並透過學習聲音特徵和語言語法等,傳遞訊息給後端系統進行相對應的操作。
總之,Deep Learning適用於各種場景和任務,可以提高機器的智能和效率,未來也將在社會和產業中扮演越來越重要的角色。
以下是Deep Learning的重點:
1.神經網絡: Deep Learning主要建立在神經網絡的基礎上,神經網絡是一種由一些特定演算法和結構組成的多層次系統。
2.大數據的崛起: Deep Learning的進步與大數據的崛起緊密相關,因為它需要大量的數據來訓練並不斷改進模型。
3.自動特徵提取: Deep Learning的主要特點是自動提取特徵,將高級的圖像、語音、自然語言等抽像概念轉換成數字化的數據。
4.深度學習架構: Deep Learning中的常見架構包括卷積神經網絡(CNN)、長短期記憶網絡(LSTM)、遞歸神經網絡(RNN)等。
5.應用前景廣泛: Deep Learning已廣泛應用於語音識別、圖像識別、自然語言處理等領域,並在其他領域如醫療、金融、物流等有著巨大的應用潛力。
6.計算資源充足: Deep Learning對計算資源的要求非常高,需要運行在充足的計算資源下,如GPU、TPU等。
7.需要詳細的調參過程: 構建一個良好的Deep Learning模型需要詳細的調參過程,需要人工進行反覆實驗和調整,找到最優的參數設置。
8.深度學習的未來: 隨著技術的不斷發展,Deep Learning將會持續優化和進化,成為更加具有智能的應用系統。
from keras.datasets import mnist
from keras.utils import to_categorical
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense, Conv2D, MaxPooling2D, Flatten
(X_train, y_train), (X_test, y_test) = mnist.load_data()
input_shape = (28, 28, 1)
X_train = X_train.reshape(X_train.shape[0], *input_shape)
X_test = X_test.reshape(X_test.shape[0], *input_shape)
X_train = X_train.astype(‘float32’)/255
X_test = X_test.astype(‘float32’)/255
y_train = to_categorical(y_train, 10)
y_test = to_categorical(y_test, 10)
model = Sequential()
model.add(Conv2D(32, kernel_size=(3, 3), activation=‘relu’, input_shape=input_shape))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))
model.add(Conv2D(64, kernel_size=(3, 3), activation=‘relu’))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))
model.add(Flatten())
model.add(Dense(128, activation=‘relu’))
model.add(Dense(10, activation=‘softmax’))
model.compile(loss=‘categorical_crossentropy’, optimizer=‘adam’, metrics=[‘accuracy’])
model.fit(X_train, y_train, epochs=10, batch_size=128, validation_data=(X_test, y_test))
from keras.datasets import mnist
from keras.models import Model
from keras.layers import Input, Dense
(x_train, _), (x_test, _) = mnist.load_data()
x_train = x_train.astype(‘float32’) / 255.
x_test = x_test.astype(‘float32’) / 255.
x_train = x_train.reshape((len(x_train), np.prod(x_train.shape[1:])))
x_test = x_test.reshape((len(x_test), np.prod(x_test.shape[1:])))
input_img = Input(shape=(784,))
encoded = Dense(64, activation=‘relu’)(input_img)
decoded = Dense(784, activation=‘sigmoid’)(encoded)
autoencoder = Model(input_img, decoded)
autoencoder.compile(optimizer=‘adadelta’, loss=‘binary_crossentropy’)
autoencoder.fit(x_train, x_train, epochs=10, batch_size=128, shuffle=True, validation_data=(x_test, x_test))
from keras.datasets import imdb
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import LSTM, Dense, Embedding, Dropout
from keras.preprocessing import sequence
max_features = 20000
maxlen = 80
batch_size = 64
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = imdb.load_data(num_words=max_features)
x_train = sequence.pad_sequences(x_train, maxlen=maxlen)
x_test = sequence.pad_sequences(x_test, maxlen=maxlen)
model = Sequential()
model.add(Embedding(max_features, 128))
model.add(LSTM(128, dropout=0.2, recurrent_dropout=0.2))
model.add(Dense(1, activation=‘sigmoid’))
model.compile(loss=‘binary_crossentropy’, optimizer=‘adam’, metrics=[‘accuracy’])
model.fit(x_train, y_train, batch_size=batch_size, epochs=10, validation_data=(x_test, y_test))
from keras.datasets import mnist
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense, Reshape, Flatten, Conv2D, Conv2DTranspose, LeakyReLU
from keras.optimizers import Adam
import numpy as np
(X_train, ), (, _) = mnist.load_data()
X_train = X_train / 127.5 - 1.
X_train = np.expand_dims(X_train, axis=3)
optimizer = Adam(0.0002, 0.5)
#建立生成器模型
generator = Sequential()
generator.add(Dense(12877, input_dim=100))
generator.add(LeakyReLU(alpha=0.2))
generator.add(Reshape((7, 7, 128)))
generator.add(Conv2DTranspose(128, (4, 4), strides=(2, 2), padding=‘same’))
generator.add(LeakyReLU(alpha=0.2))
generator.add(Conv2DTranspose(128, (4, 4), strides=(2, 2), padding=‘same’))
generator.add(LeakyReLU(alpha=0.2))
generator.add(Conv2D(1, (7, 7), activation=‘tanh’, padding=‘same’))
generator.compile(loss=‘binary_crossentropy’, optimizer=optimizer)
#建立判別器模型
discriminator = Sequential()
discriminator.add(Conv2D(64, (3, 3), strides=(2, 2), padding=‘same’, input_shape=(28, 28, 1)))
discriminator.add(LeakyReLU(alpha=0.2))
discriminator.add(Conv2D(128, (3, 3), strides=(2, 2), padding=‘same’))
discriminator.add(LeakyReLU(alpha=0.2))
discriminator.add(Flatten())
discriminator.add(Dense(1, activation=‘sigmoid’))
discriminator.compile(loss=‘binary_crossentropy’, optimizer=optimizer, metrics=[‘accuracy’])
#建立GAN模型
discriminator.trainable = False
gan_input = Input(shape=(100,))
x = generator(gan_input)
gan_output = discriminator(x)
gan = Model(gan_input, gan_output)
gan.compile(loss=‘binary_crossentropy’, optimizer=optimizer)
#執行訓練
epochs=10000
batch_size=128
sample_interval=1000
for epoch in range(epochs):
#訓練鑑別器
idx = np.random.randint(0, X_train.shape[0], batch_size)
real_imgs = X_train[idx]
noise = np.random.normal(0, 1, (batch_size, 100))
fake_imgs = generator.predict(noise)
d_loss_real = discriminator.train_on_batch(real_imgs, np.ones((batch_size, 1)))
d_loss_fake = discriminator.train_on_batch(fake_imgs, np.zeros((batch_size, 1)))
d_loss = 0.5 * np.add(d_loss_real, d_loss_fake)
#訓練生成器
noise = np.random.normal(0, 1, (batch_size, 100))
g_loss = gan.train_on_batch(noise, np.ones((batch_size, 1)))
if epoch % sample_interval == 0:
print("epoch: %d, [Discriminator loss: %f, acc.: %.2f%%], [Generator loss: %f]" % (epoch, d_loss[0], 100*d_loss[1], g_loss))
from keras.datasets import cifar10
from keras.utils import to_categorical
from keras.applications.vgg16 import VGG16
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense, GlobalAveragePooling2D
from keras.optimizers import Adam
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = cifar10.load_data()
y_train = to_categorical(y_train, 10)
y_test = to_categorical(y_test, 10)
base_model = VGG16(weights=‘imagenet’, include_top=False, input_shape=(32, 32, 3))
model = Sequential()
for layer in base_model.layers:
model.add(layer)
model.add(GlobalAveragePooling2D())
model.add(Dense(256, activation=‘relu’))
model.add(Dense(10, activation=‘softmax’))
for layer in base_model.layers:
layer.trainable = False
model.compile(loss=‘categorical_crossentropy’,
optimizer=Adam(lr=0.0001, decay=1e-6),
metrics=[‘accuracy’])
model.fit(x_train, y_train,
batch_size=128,
epochs=10,
validation_data=(x_test, y_test),
shuffle=True)